(n.) Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt.
(n.) By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tar bitumens are classifiable as the pyrolysis products of organic materials and are applied hot.
(2) The tests of bitumen, chlorcaoutchouc, asbestos cement and polyacryl delivered results comparable to those achieved under working conditions.
(3) Did these donations have anything to do with the investigation found, Clinton’s State Department approving the Alberta Clipper , a controversial pipeline carrying large amounts of tar-sands bitumen from Alberta to Wisconsin?
(4) There is also oil company interest in shale deposits at 10 locations in Morocco, two in Egypt as well as a "bitumen belt" in Nigeria which is already suffering major environmental damage from oil spills in the delta and the flaring of excess gas.
(5) But the huge amounts of water and solvents needed to extract oil from bitumen dramatically boost greenhouse gas output and, on latest production forecasts, will increase Canada’s CO2 emissions by 56 megatonnes by 2020 .
(6) The primary task is to ascertain whether tar bitumen can be replaced as a binder in paving for roads and what safety measures are practicable.
(7) Even plastics and bitumen which were used in the sphere of drinking water showed after an exposure time of three months up to 192 ml slime per square meter.
(8) The acute toxicity of three materials derived from Athabasca Oil Sands--(1) bitumen plus naphtha, (2) untreated naphtha (0-250 degrees C) and (3) synthetic crude oil (0-500 degrees C)--was assessed in a battery of tests.
(9) The relation of carbohydrate and protein content significantly changed from 2 at the beginning to 30 after 12 months of incubation the bitumen coating test plates.
(10) Since the bitumen-derived streams do not differ substantially in carcinogenic potency from petroleum-derived materials of comparable boiling range and process history, industrial hygiene practices which limit exposures to levels comparable to those observed in the petroleum-refining industry should provide similar measures of protection.
(11) Biological monitoring of exposure to bitumen fumes during road-paving operations was carried out.
(12) The exposure of sixteen road workers to bitumen fumes was studied.
(13) Time-weighted average values of bitumen fumes were determined by personal samplers.
(14) Mineral water and bitumen fraction induced an increase of the enzyme activity by 23, 20 and 45%, respectively.
(15) Bitumen plus naphtha administered at a concentration of 1.46 mg l-1 did not cause mortality in exposed rats or mice.
(16) A 2010 analysis by Accufacts Inc., an energy consulting firm that focuses on pipelines, identified Koch's Corpus Christi plant as one of 22 Gulf Coast refineries—out of more than 50—that is now capable of refining "a significant volume of blended bitumen," the type of crude that would flow through the Keystone XL.
(17) The village's fishing creek is contaminated; the school has been looted; the mangrove forests are coated in bitumen and everyone has left, refugees from a place blighted by the exploitation of the region's most valuable asset: crude oil.
(18) If the oil finds its way into those waters, the heavy tar sands bitumen will create a submerged disaster requiring a cleanup effort far above and beyond conventional responses.
(19) The carcinogenic potential of Athabasca tar sands and six experimental liquids derived from crude bitumen was evaluated utilizing the mouse epidermal carcinogenesis model.
(20) In the laboratory technique they have been using the American PIN-DEX system of pull-out necks, modelling of buttress construction without relief and together with the construction, in addition to ceramic facet making to chemical facet-making by means of composite bitumen made by KULZER, trade mark DENTACOLOR XS, which polymerize in Ultraviolet light.
Fallback
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) If the initial acceleration of the atrial rate is available from a Holter monitor or a standard electrocardiographic recording, the fallback response can be easily detected as the transition from pacing at the upper rate limit to the fallback rate.
(2) This has led some western officials to saythe group might be preparing to use the Libyan front as a fallback base in case of a defeat in Iraq and Syria.
(3) Only two things can: a more attractive agreement, or a less attractive fallback.
(4) It destroyed its usefulness to Tehran either as a fallback in case its publicly acknowledged enrichment plant in Natanz was bombed or as part of a covert parallel uranium processing cycle aimed at building a bomb – as western governments allege.
(5) A new fallback function may be useful to prevent the initiation of ELTs.
(6) [But] as long as we've got the fallback of mutual aid, we would cope and we would deal with it effectively."
(7) The government is actively considering the policy known as quantative easing as a fallback position.
(8) It is that Israel greatly prefers the fallback option to a peace agreement.
(9) Supraventricular tachyarrhythmic attacks were associated with attainment of the programmed upper rate limit at which time the fallback mode was activated and the pacemaker automatically converted to a ventricular demand (VVI) mode.
(10) Since Oslo, in fact, the US has done quite the reverse, working to maintain the low cost of Israel’s fallback option.
(11) The budget report said the government "aims" to do this without purchasing controversial carbon credits from cuts made in other countries, but said these "offsets" could be a "fallback option".
(12) Osborne's fallback is to argue that the UK's downturn is nothing to do with his austerity measures, but caused by a sudden collapse in growth across Europe and the US.
(13) Forbidding any risk rating is likely to cause adverse selection problems, whereas permitting the fallback insurer to risk rate should help it to perform its proper role and avoid being subject to dumping of high risks.
(14) But many people are over-reliant on IVF – not fate – as their fallback.
(15) The fallback argument that Snowden has alerted terrorists to the fact that Washington is able to read their emails and listen in on their phone conversations – enabling them to change their methods of communication – is hardly worth considering, as groups like al-Qaida have long since figured that out.
(16) The performance of a fallback insurer, present in most market-based health reform proposals, is shown to depend on whether or not it is permitted to risk rate.
(17) In conclusion, intermittent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias which are resistant to drug therapy can be treated with His ablation and dual chamber pacing utilizing special pacemaker features such as the fallback mode.
(18) Benyon said new powers in the water bill to directly regulate flood insurance premiums were a "fallback" plan.
(19) The Palestinians, too, have endeavoured to make Israel’s fallback option less attractive through two uprisings and other periodic bouts of violence.
(20) Meeting this target in the fallback year of 2015-6 also now looks improbable.