(n.) The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page.
(n.) The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface.
(n.) That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.
(n.) The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea.
(n.) The fundament; the buttocks.
(n.) An abyss.
(n.) Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley.
(n.) The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship.
(n.) Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom.
(n.) Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment.
(a.) Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices.
(v. t.) To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; -- followed by on or upon.
(v. t.) To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair.
(v. t.) To reach or get to the bottom of.
(v. i.) To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually with on or upon.
(v. i.) To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder.
(n.) A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon.
(v. t.) To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the far east is the arid, depressed country leading down Hell’s Canyon, which bottoms out at the Snake River, which the wolves crossed when they moved from Idaho, and which they now treat more as a crosswalk than a barrier.
(2) It was one of a series of deaths of black men – deaths in custody, deaths where no one ever got to the bottom of what had happened.
(3) The bottom line is that access to abortion is a matter of social justice.
(4) I could walk around more freely than in North Korea, but it was very apparent I was being watched.” The country consistently sits at the bottom of global freedom rankings, in the company of North Korea and Eritrea.
(5) At the bottom is a tiny harbour where cafe Itxas Etxea – bare brick walls and wraparound glass windows – is serving txakoli, the local white wine.
(6) "The results present a remarkably bleak portrait of life in the UK today and the shrinking opportunities faced by the bottom third of UK society," said the head of the project, Professor David Gordon of Bristol University.
(7) In the dance off tomorrow should be Dave and Karen and Mark and Iveta, but it wouldn't surprise me if Fiona and Anton were in the bottom two instead.
(8) With grievous amazement, never self-pitying but sometimes bordering on a sort of numbed wonderment, Levi records the day-to-day personal and social history of the camp, noting not only the fine gradations of his own descent, but the capacity of some prisoners to cut a deal and strike a bargain, while others, destined by their age or character for the gas ovens, follow "the slope down to the bottom, like streams that run down to the sea".
(9) In some cases, a change in the type of bottom resulted in the opposite order of rates for vessels with the same diameter.
(10) 10.34pm BST Rays 2 - Red Sox 8, bottom of the 6th David Ortiz leads off the inning against Chris Archer, still in the game, he grounds into the Maddon shift.
(11) As is frequently the case, the bottom line in preventing and treating intra-abdominal adhesions is appropriate surgical technique.
(12) Companies like Origin and EnergyAustralia are pushing to weaken the target not, as they like to claim, because that would be good for customers, but because a weaker target is better for their bottom line,” Connor said.
(13) You can be very cosy with someone but, at the end of the day, it’s about the bottom line.
(14) The satellite component is not found when digging up from the tube bottom.
(15) The calibrated aperture in the bottom of each well is small enough to retain fluid contents by surface tension during monolayer growth, but also permits fluid to enter the wells when transfer plates are lowered into receptacles containing washing buffer or test sera.
(16) When you are informed that 200 children are missing, you don’t go to dinner until you have got to the bottom of it.
(17) That is the bottom line.” Others described the need for a policy of containing Iran, especially with the lifting of economic sanctions.
(18) In order to study the effects of different glass ionomers on the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans, test slabs of freshly mixed conventional glass ionomer (Fuji), silver glass ionomer (Ketac-Silver), composite (Silux), and 2-week-old Fuji were fitted into the bottom of a test tube.
(19) The plates were viewed directly in an inverted UV microscope or were inspected and photographed bottoms up with a conventional UV microscope mounted with an old-fashioned uncorrected objective (20 X) which, because of its shorter length, permitted proper focussing.
(20) That's why the policies that are desperately needed for the majority to break the grip of a failed economic model would also help make regulated migration work for all: stronger trade unions, a higher minimum wage, a shift from state-subsidised low pay to a living wage, a crash housing investment programme, a halt to cuts in public services, and an end to the outsourced race to the bottom in employment conditions.
Cess
Definition:
(n.) A rate or tax.
(n.) Bound; measure.
(v. t.) To rate; to tax; to assess.
(v. i.) To cease; to neglect.
Example Sentences:
(1) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(2) The clinical presentation of the disease and the results of treatment in 48 patients with metastases at diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma, entered into the Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Studies (CESS) 1981 and 1986 of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology (GPO), were analysed.
(3) These results are similar to those obtained in 59 patients treated from 1979 to 1982 (average follow-up, 10 years) using the same drugs administered according to adjuvant chemotherapy procedure as well as those reported in the only other large study on this subject in the literature (the multi-institution German study CESS-81).
(4) By this method, preoperative localization of the insulin producing pancreatic islet cell tumor was su-cessfully performed.
(5) The same DNA fragment directed cell-specific transcription of the IL-2 receptor gene in extract of HTLV-I-infected T cells, MT-1, but not of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells, CESS.
(6) MSF said case numbers had dropped in the Liberian capital, Monrovia, where there was now surplus bed capacity, but added that many international agencies “seem unable to adapt to the rapidly changing situation” with outbreaks in Bong, Margibi, Gbarpolu, Grand Cape Mount and River Cess counties.
(7) The toxicity of the VAIA regimen was comparable with that of the conventional vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin (VACA) regime used in the previous CESS 81 trial.
(8) Histamine increases the IL-6 binding by CESS cells and inhibits that by U937 and HepG2 cells.
(9) In CESS 86, however, the results after radiation therapy have been improved markedly (3-year RFS 67% after radiation therapy, 65% after surgery, and 62% after resection plus irradiation).
(10) The effects of the supernatants obtained from culture fluids of the ATL cells and the T-cell lines on IgG production of a human B-cell line, CESS cells, were also examined.
(11) IgA-specific suppressive activity was absorbed with human B blastoid cells bearing surface IgA (Dakiki) but not with those bearing surface IgG (CESS) or murine and human T cell line cells (BW5147, L5178Y, HPB-ALL, and MOLT4), indicating that IgA-BF interact with B cells bearing IgA to suppress their differentiation.
(12) In contrast, PA317 and GH3 IL 6 were 230 and 6.7 times more effective than COS-7 IL 6 in inducing Ig production in CESS cells.
(13) Supernatant from the human bladder carcinoma line T-24 contains a B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) able to induce immunoglobulin secretion from CESS cells.
(14) At present, Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival projects that disease-free survival in patients with large primary tumors has improved compared with that reported for the previous CESS 81 trial.
(15) Supernatants (Sups) of culture fluids of ATL cells from 4 patients and those of 2 T-cell lines were added at various concentrations to the CESS cells.
(16) IL-6 was found 1 degree to stimulate immunoglobulin A production by the CESS B cell line up to 19 fold without being affected by the presence of IL-1 beta and 2 degrees to stimulate murine thymocytes proliferation up to 2-4 fold, with an increase up to 60-fold in costimulation with either IL-1 alpha or beta.
(17) CESS, L4 and BALM4 all increased IgG production in response to partially purified B cell growth factor (Cellular Products, Inc., Sera-Lab., Crawley Down, GB) and B cell differentiation factor-containing supernatant from the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line.
(18) Studies of Ebstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines showed that IFN-alpha caused a similar effect on the CESS line as on peripheral blood B cells, with low dose enhancement and high dose suppression of Ig production.
(19) A low-frequency suppressor-cell population in normal peripheral blood inhibits the B-cell CESS response to IL-6, following pokeweed mitogen stimulation.
(20) When SPL were cultured with OK-432 for 24 h in serum-free T medium, the cell-free supernatant induced production of IgM in the SKW6.CL-4 and IgG in the CESS human B cell line, while no such activity was detected in unstimulated SPL culture.