What's the difference between dose and rate?

Dose


Definition:

  • (n.) The quantity of medicine given, or prescribed to be taken, at one time.
  • (n.) A sufficient quantity; a portion; as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive.
  • (n.) Anything nauseous that one is obliged to take; a disagreeable portion thrust upon one.
  • (n.) To proportion properly (a medicine), with reference to the patient or the disease; to form into suitable doses.
  • (n.) To give doses to; to medicine or physic to; to give potions to, constantly and without need.
  • (n.) To give anything nauseous to.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) This trend appeared to reverse itself in the low dose animals after 3 hr, whereas in the high dose group, cardiac output continued to decline.
  • (2) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
  • (3) Age difference did not affect the mean dose-effect response.
  • (4) The rash presented either as a pityriasis rosea-like picture which appeared about three to six months after the onset of treatment in patients taking low doses, or alternatively, as lichenoid plaques which appeared three to six months after commencement of medication in patients taking high doses.
  • (5) Neutrons induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and mutation frequency in the AL cells.
  • (6) Urinary ANF immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced by candoxatril in both groups (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 in groups 1 and 2, respectively), with a more pronounced effect evident at the higher dose (P less than 0.01).
  • (7) Open field behaviors and isolation-induced aggression were reduced by anxiolytics, at doses which may be within the sedative-hypnotic range.
  • (8) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
  • (9) The second group only with Haloperidol (same dose).
  • (10) The level of gadd45 mRNA increased rapidly after X rays at doses as low as 2 Gy.
  • (11) The cumulative incidence of grade II and III acute GVHD in the 'low dose' cyclosporin group was 42% compared to 51% in the 'standard dose' group (P = 0.60).
  • (12) The diffusion of Myocamicin in the prostatic tissue of patients undergoing prostatectomy after a single oral dose of 600 mg has been studied.
  • (13) In X-irradiated litters, almost invariably, the incidence of anophthalmia was higher in exencephalic than in nonexencephalic embryos and the ratio of these incidences (relative risk) decreased toward 1 with increasing dose.
  • (14) Similarly, doses of deferoxamine at the time of the study were not different.
  • (15) A survey carried out two and three years after the launch of the official campaign also showed a reduction in the prevalence of rickets in children taking low dose supplements equivalent to about 2.5 micrograms (100 IU) vitamin D daily.
  • (16) A quantitative comparison of tissue distribution and excretion of an orally administered sublethal dose of [3H]diacetoxyscirpenol (anguidine) was made in rats and mice 90 min, 24 hr, and 7 days after treatment.
  • (17) The inhibitory effects were stronger in A549 lung cancer cells than in HEL cells at the same TFP dose.
  • (18) At the highest dose of chloroquine tested (500 microM), a slightly greater increase in insulin binding and a decrease in insulin degradation were observed in fetal cells as compared with adult cells.
  • (19) Pituitary weight, mitotic index and chromosomes were studied in male rats following a single or repeated dose of estradiol-benzoate for a total period of 210 days.
  • (20) Estimates of the risk probability for each dose level and sacrifice time are found utilizing the sample likelihood as the posterior density.

Rate


Definition:

  • (v. t. & i.) To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
  • (n.) Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
  • (n.) That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.
  • (n.) Valuation; price fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; as, high or low rates of transportation.
  • (n.) A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as, parish rates; town rates.
  • (n.) Order; arrangement.
  • (n.) Ratification; approval.
  • (n.) The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily rate; hourly rate; etc.
  • (n.) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second rate, etc.
  • (n.) The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.
  • (v. t.) To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.
  • (v. t.) To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.
  • (v. t.) To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension.
  • (v. t.) To ratify.
  • (v. i.) To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship rates as a ship of the line.
  • (v. i.) To make an estimate.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Child benefit has already been withdrawn from higher rate taxpayers.
  • (2) There was appreciable variation in toothbrush wear among subjects, some reducing their brush to a poor state in 2 weeks whereas with others the brush was rated as "good" after 10 weeks.
  • (3) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
  • (4) Propranolol resulted in a significantly lower mean hourly, mean 24 h and minimum heart rate.
  • (5) The proportion of motile spermatozoa decreased with time at the same rate when samples were prepared in either HEPES or phosphate buffers.
  • (6) A study of factors influencing genetic counseling attendance rate has been conducted in the Bouches-du-Rhône area, in the south of France.
  • (7) In this article we report the survival and morbidity rates for all live-born infants weighing 501 to 1000 gram at birth and born to residents of a defined geographic region from 1977 to 1980 (n = 255) compared with 1981 to 1984 (n = 266).
  • (8) Life expectancy and the infant mortality rate are considered more useful from an operational perspective and for comparisons than is the crude death rate because they are not influenced by age structure.
  • (9) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
  • (10) By combined histologic and cytologic examinations, the overall diagnostic rate was raised to 87.7%.
  • (11) In contrast to previous reports, these tumours were more malignant than osteosarcomas and showed a five-year survival rate of only 4-2 per cent.
  • (12) A progressively more precise approach to identifying affected individuals involves measuring body weight and height, then energy intake (or expenditure) and finally the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
  • (13) The second amino acid residue influences not only the rate of reaction but also the extent of formation of the product of the Amadori rearrangement, the ketoamine.
  • (14) Increased infusion flow rate did not increase the limiting frequency.
  • (15) The main finding of this study is that diabetic adolescents with a high erythrocyte Na,Li countertransport rate have an arterial pressure significantly higher than patients with normal Na,Li countertransport fluxes.
  • (16) This clinical improvement was also associated with a decrease of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001), decrease of C-reactive protein (p less than 0.0001) and with improvement of anaemia (p less than 0.05).
  • (17) This difference is probably secondary to the different rates of delivery of furosemide into urine.
  • (18) Under blood preservation conditions the difference of the rates of ATP-production and -consumption is the most important factor for a high ATP-level over long periods.
  • (19) There is no evidence that health-maintenance organizations reduce admissions in discretionary or "unnecessary" categories; instead, the data suggest lower admission rates across the board.
  • (20) Male sex, age under 19 or over 45, few social supports, and a history of previous suicide attempts are all factors associated with increased suicide rates.