(n.) A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.
(n.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic haebbe mete to etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.
Example Sentences:
(1) A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that acts as a noun: I like swimming, smoking is bad for you, and so on.
(2) A research on the acquisition of morphemes of plural, diminutive, augmentative, gerund, imperfect, and preterite with 109 Spanish children from 3 to 6 is reported.
(3) Thirty years on from the riots, one walks up Prince's Avenue, past what was the incinerated Rialto and the sign into Toxteth, and yet another sign promising imminent arrival into the "Regeneration Zone", and showing pictures of a perfect cereal-packet multiracial family, pristine modern houses and beautifully refurbished original stock – beneath which is the inevitable crass slogan that accompanies every corporate or political effort these days, always beginning with a pretentious gerund, in this case: "Creating neighbourhoods for the future".
(4) Four hundred and twenty-seven deaf students (age 10 to 19 years) and 60 hearing children (age eight to 10 years) judged the grammaticality of sample sentences which contained infinitival or gerundive complements.
(5) 7 Don't fear the gerund Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle's guide to life at St Custard's school , How to Be Topp, features a cartoon in which a gerund attacks some peaceful pronouns, but it is nothing to be afraid of.
Intensification
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have addressed the effect of late intensification with autologous bone marrow transplantation on SCLC through a randomized clinical trial.
(2) After incubation of cells in a fresh medium (in the course of 18, 24 hours) there occurs a total restoration of the ultrastructure of the nuclei, granular endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria, due to the repairing and strong intensification of synthetic processes, respiration and glycolysis, mitotic activity of the cells.
(3) An important observation was that there was no patient disease free at 1 year in the group that did not receive intensification whereas there were patients who were free of disease up to 271 weeks in the group receiving late intensification.
(4) The first stage is characterized by circular disturbances of conditioned activity, vegetative shifts of compensatory character and intensification of individual characteristics of behaviour.
(5) Monospecific antisera against catalase and three enzymes of peroxisomal lipid beta-oxidation (acyl-CoA oxidase, bifunctional protein (enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) were used in conjunction with either the indirect immunoperoxidase method or the protein A-gold technique followed by silver intensification.
(6) It is interpreted to contribute to development or intensification of a caudal thoracic oesophageal sphincter.
(7) Some factors which suppress pigmentation are characterized: these are an increase in SH groups content, deficiency of tyrosine, rise in growth rate and reduction of the diameter of hairs, intensification of antagonism between melanocytes and keratinocytes.
(8) Postremission therapy consolidation has been judged to be necessary while the clinical roles of maintenance and intensification remain to be clarified and appear to still require an investigational approach.
(9) The extent of intensification varied both with mouse strain and treatment, indicating possible differences in repair capacity and LET-dependency of sensitization effects.
(10) Rats trained to the high-altitude hypoxia displayed signs of intensification of both the plastic and lytic processes; one of these processes prevailed in different cells.
(11) The cholinergic cells and processes within the pontomedullary reticular formation were studied in the rat by application of peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry with silver intensification for choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT).
(12) Intensification of surgical work on the basis of the standardization of the main stages of the patient's treatment is regarded as one of the approaches to the lethality reduction.
(13) In an intensification of his engagement with the EU debate, David Cameron, the UK prime minister, will take on the arguments for this semi-detached relationship with the EU during a visit to Iceland on Wednesday.
(14) Strategies to support chemotherapy dose intensification include BMT, use of CSFs and antiemetic drug combinations.
(15) In the case of agriculture, growing demand for food also requires sustainable intensification – in other words, producing more on less land, without unacceptable uses of chemicals and water to do so.
(16) In an intensification of Labour's attack on the justice and security bill, which will restrict access to some sensitive intelligence, the shadow justice secretary Sadiq Khan accuses Clarke of misrepresenting it.
(17) Among the 21 patients who received intensification, nine remain alive in a CR with a median survival of 27 months.
(18) These changes show the intensification on their specific function manifest in an increase of relative volume of intracellular structures.
(19) This was not microcredit's intended poverty reduction so much as the intensification of poverty , suffering and deprivation among the very poorest communities forced into informal sector work.
(20) The response from the SPD opposition was harsh and noted that the government's gradual approach had led to a dramatic intensification of the sovereign debt crisis.