(n.) A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose.
(n.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.
(n.) The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) In each sheep there was a significant negative correlation between the glucose and corticosteroid concentrations in both maternal and fetal plasma, and there were positive correlations between the maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of glucose, and between the glucose and fructose concentrations of fetal plasma.
(2) Synthesis of choline esterase on the medium with acetylcholine at a concentration of 1% was increased more than twofold upon addition of glucose at a concentration of 0.1%.
(3) A modification of the manual glucose oxidase-gum guaiacum method of Shipton, B., Wood, P.J.
(4) Steady-state values of cell, glucose, and cellulase concentration oxygen tension, and outlet gas oxygen partial pressure were recorded.
(5) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(6) One hour after direct mechanical cardiomassage (DMCM) a moderately pronounced edema of the intercellular spaces in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, normal content of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and a certain decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were noted.
(7) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(8) During recovery glucose uptake was reduced and citrate release was unaffected.
(9) The obvious need for highly effective contraception in women with existing disorders of glucose metabolism has led to a search for oral contraceptive (OC) regimens for such women that are efficient but without unacceptable metabolic side effects.
(10) Based on several previous studies, which demonstrated that sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells (RBCs) was a function of ambient glucose concentrations, either in vitro or in vivo, our investigations were conducted to determine if RBC sorbitol accumulation would correlate with sorbitol accumulation in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats; the effect of sorbinil in reducing sorbitol levels in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats would be reflected by changes in RBC sorbitol; and sorbinil would reduce RBC sorbitol in diabetic man.
(11) Maximal yields of lipid and aflatoxin were obtained with 30% glucose, whereas mold growth, expressed as dry weight, was maximal when the medium contained 10% glucose.
(12) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(13) MAF-G activity was inhibited by mitomycin C and colchicine, which inhibit DNA synthesis and mitosis, respectively, but not by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism.
(14) As a group, the three mammalian proteins resemble bovine serum conglutinin and behave as lectins with rather broad sugar specificities directed at certain non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, glucose and fucose residues, but with subtle differences in fine specificities.
(15) Glucose release from these samples was highly correlated with starch gelatinization (r2 = .99).
(16) To estimate the age of onset of these differences, and to assess their relationship to abdominal and gluteal adipocyte size, we measured adiposity, adipocyte size, and glucose and insulin concentrations during a glucose tolerance test in lean (less than 20% body fat), prepubertal children from each race.
(17) The third route was quantitated by its sensitivity to probenecid and its activity was increased in saline buffers and upon addition of glucose and was inhibited by oligomycin.
(18) With glucose and protein as intraduodenal stimulus (no pancreatin added), the plasma amino acids rose significantly less (by approximately 50% of the control experiment) and the increment in insulin (but not C-peptide) concentrations was significantly reduced by loxiglumide.
(19) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
(20) Glucose metabolic rates during control and reperfusion were unchanged for hearts from fasted rats, but decreased for hearts from fed rats during reperfusion.
Glucoside
Definition:
(n.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
Example Sentences:
(1) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(2) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(3) In comparison to the well-differentiated ependymomas, the anaplastic form of this tumor exhibited a generally higher capacity to specifically bind the neoglycoproteins, containing alpha- or beta-glucosides.
(4) They differed with respect to the development of the Na+-dependent alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG) uptake.
(5) A protein kinase was isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes by solubilization with octyl glucoside and cholate.
(6) Screening with methyl-alpha-d-glucoside was an efficient procedure for enrichment of mutants lacking the glucose transport system and of the pleiotropic mutants lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
(7) Temporal differences in the expression of sugar-binding proteins and different patterns of staining of the component cell types of human placenta were discerned, especially pronounced for alpha-fucoside-specific binding in the trophoblast and alpha-glucoside-specific binding in fetal and maternal macrophages.
(8) The N-glucoside metabolites accounted for a small percentage of the dose (approximately 0.5%).
(9) Studies were made on the ultraviolet difference-spectra of glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus [EC 3.2.1.3] specifically produced by the substrate maltose and the inhibitors, glucose, glucono-1: 5-lactone (gluconolactone), methyl beta-D-glucoside, cellubiose, and cyclohexa-, and cyclohepta-amyloses.
(10) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
(11) Of the eight xanthone 1-O-glucosides isolated, five were previously unreported in nature.
(12) In the total microsomal fraction, the enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5 and was completely inhibited by Triton X-100 and deoxycholate, but not by taurodeoxycholate and beta-octyl glucoside.
(13) Two new cardenolides were structurally elucidated: strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-alpha-L-cymarosido-be ta-D-glucoside and strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-beta-D-digoxoside-bet a-D-diginosido-beta-D-glucoside.
(14) Trimethylcolchicinic acid and 2-desmethylcolchicine glucoside have no effect on phagocytosis.
(15) The rate of hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-d-glucoside differs moderately.
(16) Accumulation of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside is inhibited by the presence of phloridzin.
(17) Con A-treated whole cells and cell walls contain an irregular, fluffy layer 25 to 60 nm thick which is absent in untreated or alpha-methyl glucoside-treated preparations.
(18) Formation of glucosides of the bile acids chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and hyodeoxycholic acids has been detected in microsomes from human liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa.
(19) When an octyl glucoside extract of surface-radioiodinated platelets was applied to an affinity matrix of KYGRGDS-coupled Sepharose 4B, a 160-kDa-labeled protein (P160) and GPIIb-IIIa bound and were specifically eluted by soluble GRGDSP peptide, but not by the variant GRGESP peptide.
(20) Wild-type E. coli K12 do not utilize the beta-glucoside sugars, arbutin, salicin and cellobiose.