(n.) A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose.
(n.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.
(n.) The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) In each sheep there was a significant negative correlation between the glucose and corticosteroid concentrations in both maternal and fetal plasma, and there were positive correlations between the maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of glucose, and between the glucose and fructose concentrations of fetal plasma.
(2) Synthesis of choline esterase on the medium with acetylcholine at a concentration of 1% was increased more than twofold upon addition of glucose at a concentration of 0.1%.
(3) A modification of the manual glucose oxidase-gum guaiacum method of Shipton, B., Wood, P.J.
(4) Steady-state values of cell, glucose, and cellulase concentration oxygen tension, and outlet gas oxygen partial pressure were recorded.
(5) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(6) One hour after direct mechanical cardiomassage (DMCM) a moderately pronounced edema of the intercellular spaces in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, normal content of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and a certain decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were noted.
(7) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(8) During recovery glucose uptake was reduced and citrate release was unaffected.
(9) The obvious need for highly effective contraception in women with existing disorders of glucose metabolism has led to a search for oral contraceptive (OC) regimens for such women that are efficient but without unacceptable metabolic side effects.
(10) Based on several previous studies, which demonstrated that sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells (RBCs) was a function of ambient glucose concentrations, either in vitro or in vivo, our investigations were conducted to determine if RBC sorbitol accumulation would correlate with sorbitol accumulation in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats; the effect of sorbinil in reducing sorbitol levels in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats would be reflected by changes in RBC sorbitol; and sorbinil would reduce RBC sorbitol in diabetic man.
(11) Maximal yields of lipid and aflatoxin were obtained with 30% glucose, whereas mold growth, expressed as dry weight, was maximal when the medium contained 10% glucose.
(12) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(13) MAF-G activity was inhibited by mitomycin C and colchicine, which inhibit DNA synthesis and mitosis, respectively, but not by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism.
(14) As a group, the three mammalian proteins resemble bovine serum conglutinin and behave as lectins with rather broad sugar specificities directed at certain non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, glucose and fucose residues, but with subtle differences in fine specificities.
(15) Glucose release from these samples was highly correlated with starch gelatinization (r2 = .99).
(16) To estimate the age of onset of these differences, and to assess their relationship to abdominal and gluteal adipocyte size, we measured adiposity, adipocyte size, and glucose and insulin concentrations during a glucose tolerance test in lean (less than 20% body fat), prepubertal children from each race.
(17) The third route was quantitated by its sensitivity to probenecid and its activity was increased in saline buffers and upon addition of glucose and was inhibited by oligomycin.
(18) With glucose and protein as intraduodenal stimulus (no pancreatin added), the plasma amino acids rose significantly less (by approximately 50% of the control experiment) and the increment in insulin (but not C-peptide) concentrations was significantly reduced by loxiglumide.
(19) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
(20) Glucose metabolic rates during control and reperfusion were unchanged for hearts from fasted rats, but decreased for hearts from fed rats during reperfusion.
Raffinose
Definition:
(n.) A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.
Example Sentences:
(1) Isolates of S. equisimilis in the African collection, though few, gave higher rates of lactose and raffinose fermentation, aesculin hydrolysis and positive alpha-galactosidase reactions than those from elsewhere.
(2) The fermentation pattern of the 34 strains with melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, salicin, and sorbitol allowed classification into 11 biotypes.
(3) The enhanced rapid identification method (RIM; Austin Biological Laboratories), a micromethod for the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis, is based on starch and raffinose fermentation and hippurate hydrolysis.
(4) They are negative for indole production, methyl red, H2S production on triple sugar-iron agar, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deamination, lysine decarboxylase, gelatin hydrolysis, and fermentation of adonitol, i-inositol, D-sorbitol, and raffinose.
(5) The extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), as raffinose space, and its content of Na, K and Ca were measured in anaesthetized dogs in acute experiments before and during the vascular response to intravenous injections and infusions of noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline and angiotensin.2.
(6) Based on these results, it is proposed that one tryptophan residue at the saccharide-binding site on each B-chain of CBH lies on the surface of the protein molecule and is located at a subsite which is accessible to a glucopyranoside moiety in the lactose molecule or a glycopyranosyl-fructofuranosyl moiety in the raffinose molecule, whereas such a residue is not present at the galactopyranoside-recognition site.
(7) The IMP2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the nucleo-mitochondrial control of maltose, galactose and raffinose utilization as shown by the inability of imp2 mutants to grow on these carbon sources in respiratory-deficient conditions or in the presence of ethidium bromide and erythromycin.
(8) Hyperosmotic cell shrinkage due to addition of 60 mM-NaCl or 120 mM-raffinose inhibited [3H]leucine incorporation into acid-precipitable material by 60 and 74% respectively, whereas hypo-osmotic cell swelling was ineffective.
(9) Thirteen atypical Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, all fermenting rhamnose, raffinose, and melibiose and utilizing sodium citrate within 24 to 48 h at 22 degrees C (Y.e.rh+), were examined biochemically-serologically, and by gas-liquid chromatography.
(10) Raffinose like sucrose is a betta-fructoside which can be hydrolyzed by yeast invertase (beta-fructoside which can be hydrolyzed by yeast invertase (beta-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase).
(11) These 12 strains differed, however, from other Y. enterocolitica previously described in the United States in that they fermented rhamnose and raffinose at 22 C, and failed to grow on Salmonella-Shigella and Hektoen-Enteric agars.
(12) The objective was to increase the effectiveness of RME by using a higher-molecular-weight osmoticum than mannitol, but avoiding the expense of raffinose; reducing the osmolality to a more physiological level; and including a colloid to make the solution suitable for continuous perfusion.
(13) The kinetics of growth in vitro of strains Yersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:3, 0:5, 0:8 and 0:9, on culture media containing rhamnose, raffinose and sodium succinate and at different temperatures of cultivation (4 degrees, 25 degrees and 37 degrees C) was characterized.
(14) Repressed cells were plated on a raffinose--2-doexyglucose medium and the resistant cells growing up into colonies were tested for glucose non-repressible invertase and maltase.
(15) PGI2 synthesis is controlled by complex mechanisms including adrenoceptor-linked calcium influx and protein kinase C. Since organ preservation solutions may influence these mechanisms, we investigated the effect on in vitro PGI2 synthesis of cold storage of rat aortic rings in lactobionate-raffinose solution (LRS) and hypertonic citrate kidney preservation solution (KPS) on in vitro PGI2 synthesis.
(16) Replacement of glucose in M-K with the impermeable sugar, raffinose had a slight deleterious effect on corneal deturgescence in subsequent culture.
(17) At 37 degrees C D-raffinose activated the growth of the cells of serovars IV and V. The studies on the effect of different substrates on the growth of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a wide temperature range acquire great importance for the investigating of the process of infection, revealing some aspects of the microorganism-macroorganism relationship.
(18) dextranase production, colony morphology, cell or chain morphology, fermentation of sorbitol, lactose, galactose, raffinose, melibiose, or fructose, and production of surface protein antigen A (SpaA).
(19) Ingestion of other poorly absorbed solutes such as raffinose, sorbitol, xylitol, magnesium sulphate, and sodium sulphate also significantly depressed the absorption of L-rhamnose; in contrast, more efficiently absorbed solutes, such as sodium chloride, glucose, glycerol, and urea had little effect.
(20) Rat liver transplants were performed in order to assess the importance of the impermeant anion lactobionate and the trisaccharide raffinose on the effectiveness of a simplified variant of UW solution for liver preservation by simple cold storage.