(n.) A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is usually of a penitential character.
Example Sentences:
(1) Before issuing the ruling, the judge Shaban El-Shamy read a lengthy series of remarks detailing what he described as a litany of ills committed by the Muslim Brotherhood, including “spreading chaos and seeking to bring down the Egyptian state”.
(2) A well-meaning litany of no-nos: don't be racist, don't be sexist, don't be homophobic, don't shill the World Cup to countries with human-rights issues .
(3) Resorting to outside help to solve a problem that even the most patriotic of politicians now readily concedes is homegrown – the result of a litany of mistakes committed over the past 30 years – was never an option.
(4) The details in the report – including 13 incidents in which a total of 179 people died – rehearse a litany of horror.
(5) These challenges include: declining demand for power in the UK, currently falling at 1% a year as energy-saving measures take effect; a three-fold jump in the UK’s interconnection capacity with continental Europe by 2022, massively increasing the country’s ability to import cheaper supplies; and “a litany of setbacks” in Finland, France and China for EdF’s European Pressurised Reactor (EPR) model, the same type as planned for Hinkley Point.
(6) It's not just the kidneys – I could give you a litany of things that are wrong with me.
(7) The report, seen by the Guardian, is “deeply confused and deeply misleading” and a “litany of errors and false assumptions, clearly written ultimately as a disinformation tool”, according to two financial experts.
(8) An emotional Obama ran through a litany of Isis human-rights abuses, from rape to enslavement, calling them “cowardly acts of violence.” In a vague reference to Americans held captive by Isis or near its path in Iraq, Obama said the US would “do everything we can to protect our people,” a formulation that has preceded US military action in the past.
(9) Lahn said they found “a litany of pilots that have failed”, either due to lack of funding or broken equipment that wasn’t maintained.
(10) On appeal, he found his paperwork contained a litany of errors: it stated he had been a cat C prisoner (he was cat D); was in prison for murder (it was GBH); and had been moved from open conditions after six days for behaviour issues (he had been in an open prison for two years without incident and returned to closed conditions to be assessed for a course).
(11) National security state officials also decreed that it would "not be in the public interest" to report on the Pentagon Papers, or the My Lai massacre, or the network of CIA black sites in which detainees were tortured, or the NSA warrantless eavesdropping program, or the documents negating claims of Iraqi WMDs, or a whole litany of waste, corruption and illegality that once bore the "top secret" label.
(12) Place names and plant names assume the status of chants or litanies: spectral taxa incanted as elegy, or as a means to conjure back.
(13) Blair Jenkins, chief executive of Yes Scotland, said Cameron's speech "was the same litany of empty threats and empty promises we have come to expect from the no campaign – and he is the prime minister who has been orchestrating the campaign of ridiculous scaremongering being directed against Scotland".
(14) There was nothing like the usual litany of careful gratitude towards the local political machinery.
(15) A vast and completely incomprehensible litany of activities is forbidden there.
(16) This is a litany of economic and public health disasters from just one bill.
(17) One activist, Alexei Navalny, has launched a new website detailing the litany of corruption allegations surrounding the Games, claiming that the 10 Olympic venues cost more than twice as much as necessary.
(18) On Monday Hywood told Fairfax staff not to believe the “litany of bizarre commentary on the state of the industry” and the “speculative lies” about Fairfax Media, including that it would stop printing the Monday to Friday metropolitan newspapers by the end of the year.
(19) The HSE's latest report on Sellafield, posted online, discloses a litany of problems at the crowded site which sprawls over six square miles on the edge of the Lake District and is home to more than a thousand nuclear facilities, some dating back more than 50 years.
(20) In response to this litany of misery, politicians of all parties point to the only metric that matters to them and cry: but crime is falling.
Response
Definition:
(n.) The act of responding.
(n.) An answer or reply.
(n.) Reply to an objection in formal disputation.
(n.) The answer of the people or congregation to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of divine service.
(n.) A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other parts of the office.
(n.) A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the fifth above or fourth below.
Example Sentences:
(1) Intestinal dilatation seemed in all cases a response to elevated CO2 only.
(2) Direct fetal digitalization led to a reduction in umbilical artery resistance, a decline in the abdominal circumference from 20.3 to 17.8 cm, and resolution of the ascites within 72 h. Despite this dramatic response to therapy, fetal death occurred on day 5 of treatment.
(3) Furthermore, it had early diagnostic (seven days) as well as prognostic value, as revealed by response to therapy and decrease in COA titer.
(4) Patients with papillary carcinoma with a good cell-mediated immune response occurred with much lower infiltration of the tumor boundary with lymphocyte whereas the follicular carcinoma less cell-mediated immunity was associated with dense lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting the biological relevance of lymphocytic infiltration may be different for the two histologic variants.
(5) Age difference did not affect the mean dose-effect response.
(6) These channels may, at least in some cases, be responsible for the generation of pacemaker depolarizations, thereby regulating firing behaviour.
(7) Oxyhaemoglobin (4 microns at 0.35 ml.min-1) infused into the tracheal circulation almost abolished the responses to bradykinin and methacholine.
(8) Three categories of UV response have been identified.
(9) LHRH therapy leads to higher plasma LH levels and a lower FSH in response to an intravenous LHRH test.
(10) Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response.
(11) Clinical signs of disease developed as early as 15 days after transition to the experimental diets and included impaired vision, decreased response to external stimuli, and abnormal gait.
(12) The telencephalic proliferative response has been studied in adult newts after lesion on the central nervous system.
(13) The combined immediate and delayed responses to fleas in the dog are as observed by other investigators in man and guinea pigs.
(14) In addition, this pretreatment protocol did not modify the recipient immune response against B-lymphocyte alloantigens which developed in unsuccessful transplants.
(15) In dogs, cibenzoline given i.v., had no effects on the slow response systems, probably because of sympathetic nervous system intervention since the class 4 effects of cibenzoline appeared after beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
(16) As a consequence, similar response curves were obtained for urine specimens containing morphine or barbiturates.
(17) At the early phase of the sensitization a T-cell response was seen in vitro, characterized by an increased spleen but no peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity to T-cell mitogens at the same time as increased reactivity to the sensitizing antigen was detected.
(18) The ability of azelastine to influence antigen-induced contractile responses (Schultz-Dale phenomenon) in isolated tracheal segments of the guinea-pig was investigated and compared with selected antiallergic drugs and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
(19) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
(20) Treatment termination due to lack of efficacy or combined insufficient therapeutic response and toxicity proved to be influenced by the initial disease activity and by the rank order of prescription.