(prep.) By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.
(n.) Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
(n.) Equality of condition or circumstances.
Example Sentences:
(1) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(2) The advantages of the incision through the pars plana ciliaris are (1) easier approach to the vitreous cavity, (2) preservation of the crystalline lens and an intact iris, and (3) circumvention of the corneal and chamber angle complications sometimes associated with the transcorneal approach.
(3) A block of tissue bounded by the ostium of the coronary sinus, the pars membranacea, the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the atrial and ventricular septa is removed.
(4) Ultrasonic fragmentation through the pars plana is a quick and easy method for relieving the condition.
(5) These results indicate that the pars tuberalis forms and secretes LH via the hypophyseal portal circulation.
(6) The advantages of pars plana approach are the small incision and minimal ocular manipulation during surgery.
(7) A 70-year-old man, a 59-year-old woman, and a 57-year-old woman underwent pars plana vitrectomy.
(8) It is concluded that Na+ channels are only present in pars recta of rabbit proximal tubule.
(9) A medium amount of degenerated terminals were observed in the nucleus pretectalis anterior (pars reticularis), the dorsal part of the periaqueductal grey at its most rostral levels, the caudolateral parts of the nucleus pretectalis posterior and the nucleus of optic tract, the H field of Forel, parts of the somatic cell columns of the oculomotor nucleus and the trochlear nucleus.
(10) Intracellular recordings were made from zebra finch hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale (HVc) neurones in in vitro slice preparations.
(11) The observations of HRP-labelled neurons in the pars compacta region of substantia nigra following injection of HRP into the STN together with the DA responsiveness of STN neurons suggest the possibility of a dopaminergic nigro-subthalamic pathway.
(12) The ultrastructural study of nucleoli and ribonucleoprotein-containing structures in human seminiferous tubules revealed that the nucleoli of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells exhibited a tripartite structure consisting of: a fibrillar center, a compact granular portion, and a reticular portion containing both pars fibrosa and pars granulosa.
(13) The elopiform teleost Engraulis japonica was used for a light and electron microscopical study of the follicle epithelium in the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary.
(14) Special attention was given to the portal vascular system of the median eminence and the pars distalis.
(15) Tubular damage was confined to the medullary pars recta of the proximal tubule and only in the most severe cases did injury involve the cortical pars recta and pars convoluta.
(16) With increasing age, ir-5HT first appears in perikarya of the nucleus preopticus (18 months) and in gonadotropes of the caudal pars distalis.
(17) That is par for the course,” Obama said, repeating his argument that he was abiding by a “basic principle” that the US would not abandon its military personnel.
(18) The tonic EMG activity induced by intrastriatal injection of bethanechol (1.0 microgram) was abolished by a subsequent injection of the GABAmimetic drug muscimol (25 ng) into the posterior part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata suggesting that bethanechol-induced limb rigidity is mediated via impairment of GABAergic transmission within the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
(19) Experiences with surgical treatment of chronic endogenous uveitis in human patients have shown that vision-impairing axial opacities in the vitreous body can be removed by pars plana vitrectomy, and that a considerable decrease in the frequency and severity of uveitic relapses results.
(20) These studies clearly show that extensive necrosis of the medullary pars recta can be dissociated from the development of acute renal failure.
Pax
Definition:
(n.) The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.
(n.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in mediaeval times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) By radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) using a fragment from the murine Pax-1 paired box that is almost identical to the respective sequences from the cognate human gene HuP48 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a complete mouse Pax-1 cDNA, we have assigned the human homologue of murine Pax-1, the PAX1 locus, to chromosome 20p.
(2) Concurrent research has recently characterized Sp2H, a radiation induced mutation at the splotch (Sp) locus, and found alterations in the murine paired box gene, Pax-3, in homozygous Sp2H DNA.
(3) The chromosomal location of all novel Pax genes and of Pax-3 and Pax-7 has been determined and reveals that they are not clustered.
(4) Here we describe the paired boxes of three novel Pax genes, Pax-4, Pax-5, and Pax-6.
(5) Zebrafish pax[b](pax[zf-b]) is a member of the Pax gene family that is expressed in the presumptive posterior midbrain from the end of gastrulation and, at later stages, in other localized regions of the developing embryo.
(6) However, there are some differences in Pax-2 expression between the two species.
(7) These results support the Pax-6 homologue as a strong candidate for the AN2 gene.
(8) The chromosomal location and the mutation in the paired box of un mice in conjunction with Pax 1 gene expression in wild-type mice implicate a causative role of Pax 1 in generation of the vertebral column.
(9) Pax-3 encodes a 479 amino acid protein with an Mr of 56 kd containing both a paired domain and a paired-type homeodomain.
(10) The murine paired-box-containing gene 5, Pax-5, is highly homologous to two other Pax genes, Pax-2 and Pax-8.
(11) The Pax-2 expression domain in the prospective brain of E8 mouse embryos has not been described previously.
(12) Here we describe a zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) paired box-containing clone, pax[zf-a], which is clearly distinct from reported vertebrate Pax genes.
(13) pax-6 expression appears during processes when cell-to-cell signalling is thought to be important, for example during induction of the eye and regionalization of the spinal cord and brain, suggesting that it may be one component mediating the response to inductive interactions.
(14) We describe the isolation and characterization of Pax-3, a novel murine paired box gene expressed exclusively during embryogenesis.
(15) Among the genes thought to be involved in patterning the nervous system are a family of developmentally regulated paired box-containing (Pax) genes.
(16) However, normal v-Myb- and c-Myb-expressing CNR cells all express the pax-QNR gene, a newly described paired and homeobox-containing gene specifically expressed in the neuroretina.
(17) The brain, the optic stalk, the auditory vesicle, the pronephros, and single cells in the spinal cord and the hindbrain express Pax-2 in both species.
(18) Mutations in Pax-6 have been described previously in Small eye, the proposed mouse model for aniridia.
(19) To date five murine paired box-containing genes (Pax genes) have been described and one, Pax-1, has been associated with the developmental mutant phenotype undulated.
(20) However, a region of homology to the N-terminal half of paired-type homeoboxes is detected C-terminal to the pax[zf-b] paired domain.