(a.) Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
(a.) Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.
(n.) A refractory person.
(n.) Refractoriness.
(n.) OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.
Example Sentences:
(1) During electrophysiologic study, the effect of propafenone on the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was determined, as well as its effect during orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.
(2) Some evidence has shown that platelet crossmatching is useful in multitransfused patients with hypoplastic bone marrows who are refractory to platelet therapy through alloimmunization.
(3) The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment with indomethacin on the refractory period to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction.
(4) This quantitative characterization of the properties of conduction and refractoriness of both the accessory pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction system and the relation between these characteristics and the accessory pathway location in ART patients provides additional insight into the prerequisites for the initiation and maintenance of this rhythm disturbance.
(5) Lisinopril increases cardiac output, and decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with congestive heart failure refractory to conventional treatment with digitalis and diuretics.
(6) Extracorporeal photopheresis (ExP) was administered every other week in an outpatient setting to four patients with chronic refractory psoriasis vulgaris without arthropathy.
(7) Populations of B. globosus and B. nasutus from Dar es Salaam were refractory.
(8) When caffeine evokes a contraction, and only then, crayfish muscle fibers become refractory to a second challenge with caffeine for up to 20 min in the standard saline (5 mM K(o)).
(9) We present in this preliminary report the early results of therapy for refractory leukemia with an intensive preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation including etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and fractionated total body irradiation.
(10) Amiodarone was able to suppress the premature ventricular beats, depress conduction and prolong refractoriness in both, the AV node and accessory pathway to prevent recurrences of atrioventricular reentry.
(11) Once initiated, this refractory state continues to develop even after removal of the light source and is essentially complete within 30 min.
(12) At lower frequencies of stimulation the heart beat is increased to rates dependent on interaction between the time course of the hyperpolarization and the refractory period of the heart.
(13) The results indicate that the conditions which inhibit the initiation of development are present in the Malpighian tubules and not in the midgut of the refractory mosquitoes.
(14) Parenteral cyclophosphamide or corticosteroid pulses should be reserved for cases with vasculitis or refractoriness to conventional drugs.
(15) These data suggest that in terms of prolactin release, prolactin producing tumour cells are intrinsically refractory to hypo thalamic dopaminergic signals.
(16) Pirmenol increased the atrial effective refractory period, but had little effect on conduction in the atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje system.
(17) Estramustine phosphate may be given safely for a prolonged period and has a place in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer refractory to hormonal therapy.
(18) One or more of the followin factors were present in the "high-risk" group: ventricular dysfunction--ejection fraction less than 0.4, preinfarction angina, evolving infarction, recent infarction (less than 2 weeks), and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
(19) Although video urodynamics is the state-of-the-art modality for evaluating complex or refractory neurogenic bladder, the practicing radiologist with an understanding of this condition can detect many radiographic changes in the lower urinary tract that suggest neurogenic dysfunction of various types.
(20) Tinidazole (not available in the United States) may be effective in curing refractory cases of metronidazole resistance.
Unruly
Definition:
(superl.) Not submissive to rule; disregarding restraint; disposed to violate; turbulent; ungovernable; refractory; as, an unruly boy; unruly boy; unruly conduct.
Example Sentences:
(1) There is a significant group of disorders which present with unruly hair, and these have been described under all manner of titles, including crinkly, woolly, kinky, crimped, frizzly, steely, spunglass, in an attempt to define their clinical appearance.
(2) He has charisma, he’s self-made and that’s why the Pakistani establishment hates him.” The MQM has come into ever greater conflict with the rangers in the last two years as both the central government in Islamabad and the powerful army have sought to impose order on the unruly port city of 20 million people.
(3) The bill should authorize stiff fines for unruly dog behavior – to include noise violations from sustained barking and lunging – and misdemeanor criminal penalties for menacing waitstaff and patrons.
(4) Others face more niggling problems: in a recent post on the local Facebook group “Eliminate All Stray Dogs”, one resident claimed an unruly pack kept jumping on his car, destroying its windscreen wipers.
(5) It expands what language can do and what fiction can do, and when a reader collides with that unruly exuberance, he or she has to shift perspective.
(6) On Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, police had to break up an unruly crowd with pepper spray.
(7) He has a not-so-secret agenda to try to stay on the side of public opinion, appease his unruly party and cover his right flank against Nigel Farage's buoyant Ukip.
(8) The city is too much of a sprawl, its traffic too unruly.
(9) But running nightclubs must have been good preparation for what Bennett describes as his own unhappy debut as a newly qualified religious studies teacher confronting an unruly class.
(10) Now the Alamo Drafthouse, which is known for its strict policy towards unruly customers, has taken the largely symbolic step of banning the singer from all its premises .
(11) How such a simple ratio – the simplest ratio of the simplest shape – is also the most unruly and irregular is a mystery that still provokes awe and wonder.
(12) Before her death, Vera had said she holds the state totally responsible for her security, adding “they are the ones who send people to repress us,” While the Mexican government likes to portray itself internationally as the victim of unruly drug gangs and corrupt local officials, these investigations raise serious questions about the complicity of the federal government in the crimes committed against its citizens.
(13) North Korea's dramatic and provocative announcement of its third nuclear test on 12 February has raised critical questions about the effectiveness of the international community in reining in north-east Asia's most unruly actor.
(14) An unruly Libya could provide a safe haven for Egyptian militants, who have launched hundreds of attacks on Egyptian security forces throughout the past year.
(15) He blamed the delay on "an unruly mob using Occupy Wall Street tactics", according to the Austin American-Statesman , and denied mishandling the debate.
(16) Make sure you take a camera, as there are 12 designated panoramic viewing spots, including the impressive Pont d'Arc, where the unruly river flows under a natural arch.
(17) In the late 1960s and early 70s when Smith was a prominent and powerful figure in Rochdale it has been reported that some people in the town used to send their unruly children to Smith's home on Emma Street to be chastised.
(18) I would like to suggest an approach for categorizing and diagnosing unruly hair forms, based on a review of the literature as well as on experience with such cases.
(19) After a Turkish court sued caricaturist Musa Kart for depicting then prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as a cat entangled in a ball of wool in 2005, Penguen published a series of animals all sporting the heads of Erdoğan – a Turkish government leader known for his lack of a sense of humour and his love of suing unruly cartoonists – and promptly found itself facing a court case for defaming authority.
(20) A method is proposed for analysing case-control studies with ordinal or continuous, but unruly, exposure levels.