What's the difference between retrogradation and stale?

Retrogradation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of retrograding, or moving backward.
  • (n.) The state of being retrograde; decline.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
  • (2) Nonetheless, anatomical continuity was restored at the site of injury, axons projected across this region, and rostral spinal and brainstem neurons could be retrogradely labelled following HRP injections administered caudal to the lesion.
  • (3) The recorded APs were further subdivided into those exhibiting consistent antegrade conduction during sinus rhythm (overt APs: 50 left APs, eight right APs), those exhibiting intermittent antegrade conduction (intermittent APs: six left APs, two right APs), and those exhibiting only retrograde conduction (concealed APs: 33 left APs, two right APs).
  • (4) The behavior of the retrograde H deflection in respect to the first extra beat following the premature QRS complex helped in excluding bundle branch reentry.
  • (5) Diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with complicated forms of the disease helps in identifying the cause of jaundice before the operation.
  • (6) Acute cholangitis complicating diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is potentially fatal.
  • (7) This report describes a newly developed catheter system with the aid of which the cystic duct and gallbladder can be reliably catheterized, retrograde, via an endoscope.
  • (8) Previous studies are reviewed in the light of new information on retrograde axonal transport, circumventricular organs, the proper use of horseradish peroxidase, freeze-fracturing, immunocytochemistry and plasma protein gene expression in the developing human brain.
  • (9) Injection of horseradish peroxidase into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) led to heavy retrograde and anterograde labeling in the region of the hypothalamus that yielded the CRDR when stimulated electrically.
  • (10) These characteristics are consistent with the proposal that cytoplasmic dynein plays a universal role in retrograde organelle motility.
  • (11) Retrograde extrapolation is applicable in the forensic setting with scientific reliability when reasonable and justifiable assumptions are utilized.
  • (12) After injection of HRP-WGA into the contralateral hippocampus 2% of hilar NPY-i neurons were retrogradely labeled and symmetric NPY-i synapses were found on the cell bodies and dendrites of unstained HRP-WGA labeled neurons.
  • (13) Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemical visualization of glutamate (Glu) were combined to investigate the neurotransmitter used by cortico-cortical neurons in the first (SI) and second (SII) somatic sensory areas of macaque monkeys.
  • (14) In 40 subjects the propagation sequence of phasic contractions could be evaluated and were simultaneous in 53%, antegrade in 35%, and retrograde in 11% of the waves.
  • (15) 314 patients were managed conservatively and 524 required intervention therapy: 52 with blind endoscopic techniques, 93 with open surgery, 122 with retrograde ureteroscopy, 168 with percutaneous extraction and 92 with ESWL.
  • (16) None of the cases was diagnosed by retrograde pyelography for fractionally visualized excretory urography and 3 were within 9 months of a previously normal excretory urogram alone or with retrograde pyelography.
  • (17) We examined in rats the effectiveness of administering verapamil into ischemic tissue by retrograde perfusion through the cerebral vein, starting 3 hours after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.
  • (18) Fluorescent labels, injected into either the hindlimb muscles or the cerebellum, are retrogradely transported to motoneurones or dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones respectively.
  • (19) Glutamate-immunoreactive neurons were present throughout the acoustic thalamus, including the regions containing the retrogradely labeled neurons.
  • (20) Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the telencephalon retrogradely labeled neurons ipsilaterally in various thalamic, preglomerular, and tuberal nuclei, the nucleus of the locus coeruleus (also contralaterally), the superior raphe, and portions of the nucleus lateralis valvulae.

Stale


Definition:

  • (n.) The stock or handle of anything; as, the stale of a rake.
  • (v. i.) Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit, and flavor, from being long kept; as, stale beer.
  • (v. i.) Not new; not freshly made; as, stele bread.
  • (v. i.) Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out; decayed.
  • (v. i.) Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its novelty and power of pleasing; trite; common.
  • (v. t.) To make vapid or tasteless; to destroy the life, beauty, or use of; to wear out.
  • (a.) To make water; to discharge urine; -- said especially of horses and cattle.
  • (v. i.) That which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by use.
  • (v. i.) A prostitute.
  • (v. i.) Urine, esp. that of beasts.
  • (v. t.) Something set, or offered to view, as an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool pigeon.
  • (v. t.) A stalking-horse.
  • (v. t.) A stalemate.
  • (v. t.) A laughingstock; a dupe.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) This was due to the fact that stale bread was fed ad lib, rather than concentrates.
  • (2) That rock-star treatment then gets paid off with stale one-liners from the previous decade that sound like they were organized by shuffling notecards.
  • (3) Inside the carriage the temperature was stifling, the stench of unwashed bodies and stale urine overwhelming.
  • (4) In the first comments from Epstein’s representatives since the Guardian revealed on Friday that the prince had been named in a Florida court motion, an attorney for the disgraced financier said: “These are stale, rehashed allegations that lawyers are now attempting to repackage and spice up by adding the names of prominent people.” Virginia Roberts, who says she was 17 when she first met the Duke of York in London, claims she was forced to have sexual contact with him by Epstein, in London, New York and on his private island in the Caribbean during an “orgy”.
  • (5) Though the Bond series was in anything but trouble before Mendes’ arrival – and Craig’s – there was the sense of a certain amount of staleness towards the end of Pierce Brosnan’s run.
  • (6) The PassivHaus pioneers have focused on improving insulation, providing far better air-tightness and warming incoming air in winter, with the hotter stale air extracted from the house.
  • (7) Male, pale and stale is the epithet often used to describe the makeup of a charity board.
  • (8) The abortifacient property seems to decrease as the fruit becomes stale or ripe.
  • (9) He knew all about unconscious bias, was attuned to issues of diversity and was passionate about changing middle management composition which he said was “too male, stale and pale”.
  • (10) He resolutely refused to sit on the fence, and staleness, caused by watching stream upon stream of bad movies as well as good ones, never set in.
  • (11) Stale, flat and, alas, rapidly becoming unprofitable...” “What was he like as a person?” asked Dalgliesh.
  • (12) If you’re not bothered about instructions in another language, misprinted labels or biscuits that may be several months past their peak quality – but not stale – you can stock up for a fraction of the price you might pay in a regular shop.
  • (13) The measure of humidity, of peroxides and of the staleness of crumb are favourable for a good conservation.
  • (14) Overhead lights attached to ripped-out electrical wires hang suspended in the stale air and fading wallpaper peels off the walls like dead skin.
  • (15) For every 10 party hacks there were one or two sublime dissidents or innovators – Polanski and Wajda in Poland, Jancsó in Hungary, Dušan Makavejev in Yugoslavia – and we shouldn't throw out all these beautiful babies with the stale red bath water.
  • (16) Teams such as Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile and Algeria blew fresh air through the stale halls of international football's establishment with their teamwork and counter attacking flair.
  • (17) Northern Irish businesses are now able to trade across Europe, more people from across Europe have settled here and have provided a fresh perspective from the stale old sectarian divisions that Northern Ireland has been cursed with.
  • (18) This is welcome, as we believe that we offer a real alternative to the politics of austerity and the stale dogma of the Westminster parties.
  • (19) Americans have been hurting, but when we demanded solutions, too often Washington responded with the same stale mindset that led to failed policies like Obamacare.
  • (20) He should leave behind stale orthodoxies and trust his instinct that change is essential.

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