(n.) One of the minute grains in flowerless plants, which are analogous to seeds, as serving to reproduce the species.
(n.) An embryo sac or embryonal vesicle in the ovules of flowering plants.
(n.) A minute grain or germ; a small, round or ovoid body, formed in certain organisms, and by germination giving rise to a new organism; as, the reproductive spores of bacteria, etc.
(n.) One of the parts formed by fission in certain Protozoa. See Spore formation, belw.
Example Sentences:
(1) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
(2) The dose response initially resembled that described by Scholer (1959) in which one million spores killed the majority of mice.
(3) Abnormal synaptonemal complexes were seen in all 19 crosses of N. crassa and N. intermedia that were examined, including matings between standard laboratory strains, inversions, Spore killers, and strains collected from nature.
(4) The mutant spores are pleomorphic and differ both in shape and size from the wild-type spores.
(5) The results presented here substantiate the hypothesis that in S. cerevisiae trehalose supplies energy during dormancy of the spores and not during the germination process.
(6) The fungicidal activity of six rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides (NP) against resting (dormant) spores, preincubated (swollen) spores, and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae was examined.
(7) In the electron microscope large aggregates of beta glycogen particles were seen in the cytoplasm of sporoplasm cells in mature spores.
(8) The spore germination was synchronized by selection of the spores of the definite size and maintenance at a temperature of 0 degrees.
(9) GAD activity appeared in mutant spores after germination and increased to levels comparable to parent spores after 9 min of germination.
(10) The Ca++-form and H+-form spores of Clostridium botulinum 33A were investigated in vivo with respect to their water sorption and heat-resistance characteristics.
(11) Salt concentrations slightly lower than those providing inhibition tended to extend spore outgrowth time at low temperatures.
(12) The AL spores and the GN spores were morphologically distinct.
(13) Studies demonstrated the fact that there are present within the malignant cell and in the immediate area bacterial spores arising from one of several varieties of plant bacteria.
(14) The stages observed were diplokaryotic cells, sporogonial plasmodia, unikaryotic sporoblasts, and spores.
(15) The rod-shaped organism was motile, did not form spores, and had a gram-negative wall structure.
(16) Numerous factors influenced its activity: method of spore production, inherent spore resistance characteristics, alkalination, storage time and storage temperature.
(17) The inoculum level of infected spores in nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose medium affected the transducing efficiency of SP-10 in lysates of these cultures.
(18) It can be dissociated from the spores using divalent metal chelators and will reassemble on the spores in the presence of calcium.
(19) Stable messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was shown to be involved in both enterotoxin synthesis and synthesis of other spore coat proteins in Clostridium perfringens.
(20) Effects of alpha- or beta-D-glucose on the respiration of germinated spores (only germinated spores not including swollen spores and elongated spores) of Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium were studied.
Sporogenesis
Definition:
(n.) reproduction by spores.
Example Sentences:
(1) beta-Phenethyl alcohol, fluoroacetic acid, and 2-picolinic acid inhibited anaerobic sporogenesis almost completely, butyrate biosynthesis by >87%, and acetate accumulation by 50 to 62%, showing a direct relationship between butyric type of fermentation and anaerobic sporulation.
(2) Spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 germinated, elongated, and resporulated (microcycle sporogenesis) in simple chemically defined media which permitted no cell division.
(3) Wall ultrastructure and sporogenesis were studied in plasmodia of Henneguya adiposa Minchew which infects the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque).
(4) The resulting transformants appear normal for cytokinesis, and also are fully competent for sporogenesis, confirming that reintroduction of the myosin gene is sufficient to restore these properties.
(5) These data, accounting for 70 to 75% of the initial radioactivity, confirmed the hypothesis that the major role of acetate, and subsequently of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, in sporulation of B. cereus T is to provide carbon precursors and energy for sporogenesis.
(6) Microcycle sporogenesis induced in Bacillus cereus T by phosphate limitation occurs over a narrow range of phosphate to spore inoculum ratios.
(7) The study of the antibiotic effect on bacterial sporogenesis showed negative results which are discussed in the paper along two directions: (1) the antibiotics did not probably participate in regulation of the bacteria cell differentiation, (2) the antibiotics regulated the bacterial sporogenesis though their effect was not as yet detected because of methodical difficulties.
(8) Most of the information about the ultrastructural changes accompanying the sporogenesis refer to the first stage of the process, but nothing has been published about the evolution of the sporulation septum during maturation.
(9) Differences in the effect of the same sugars on the formation of spores by these microorganisms and clearly expressed sporogenesis-inhibiting effect of glucose (and also of lactose in clostridia) have been demonstrated.
(10) Sporogenesis is initiated by the envelopment of one vegetative cell by another.
(11) Although under some conditions the sporogenesis and the synthesis of S-variant toxin began two hours earlier than these processes in R-variant cells which were observed, respectively, after 10 or 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment, the intensities of sporogenesis and toxin production as well as the exit of spores and toxin excretion from cells were similar after 24 hours.
(12) According to this hypothesis, either the lysS1 enzyme is altered during sporogenesis or some physiological or structural aspect of this developmental phase can stabilize the mutant phenotype and thereby rescue cells from thermal death.
(13) At periods in spore outgrowth and sporogenesis these cells become refractory to thermal death.
(14) Acetate and a small amount of a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate were the minimal organic metabolic requirements for microcycle sporogenesis.
(15) Two anther cDNA libraries were constructed, one from anthers of 1.2-1.8 mm long buds (sporogenesis library) and one from anthers of 1.8-4.0 mm long buds (microspore development library).
(16) Sporogenesis by the biphasic system was more rapid, convenient, and economical, and yielded as many or more heat-resistant (80 C, 10 min) spores per milliliter as by the conventional technique.
(17) Ultrathin sections were prepared from cultures of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 undergoing microcycle sporogenesis (initial spore to primary cell to second-stage spore without intervening cell division) on a chemically defined medium.
(18) Sporogenesis was asynchronous with simple unicellular stages adjacent to more complex forms with developing polar capsules and valves.
(19) It was suggested that bacitracin and the serine proteases were not specific regulators of sporogenesis in B. licheniformis and their biological function under the natural conditions included, respectively, the antibiotic action and hydrolysis of proteins and peptides of the environment and cells.
(20) The onset of sporogenesis was always accompanied by a new accumulation of glycogen in sporulating hyphae.