(n.) A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.
(n.) Anything which supports or strengthens.
(v. t.) To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.
Example Sentences:
(1) The treatment of a Smith type-II fracture is a volar buttress plate unless extended comminution is present.
(2) If coastal ice shelves buttressing the west Antarctic ice sheet continue to disintegrate, the sheet could disgorge into the ocean, raising sea levels by several metres in a century.
(3) This ad hoc response to a moment of crisis was buttressed by successive laws that, in order to exclude a Stuart succession, enmeshed monarchy with the Church of England, thus fanning a religious hostility the rest of Europe was already growing beyond.
(4) The “Korea problem” is also connected to China’s own interests in the South China Sea , where Beijing’s expansionism faces off against the US, whose strategic goal is to buttress the power of smaller states in the region.
(5) The shelf procedure provides a buttress of bone for later reconstructive surgery such as cup or total hip arthroplasty.
(6) After previous methods failed, two patients were successfully treated by using a one-stage procedure which included (1) suture closure of the fistula, (2) buttressing the repair with a viable, pedicled, two-rib intercostal-muscle flap, and (3) performing an extensive thoracoplasty with a continuous drip infusion of neomycin.
(7) When management of a perforated peptic ulcer necessitates simple closure, the omentum may not be of adequate quality to buttress such a closure.
(8) A case is presented of fatal coronary embolism of Teflon felt used to buttress sutures in the placement of a Björk-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis.
(9) That explains why Miliband is so keen to buttress them with evidence of his belief that Labour credibility can be built on a philosophically different approach – and with some of the money saved by the cap.
(10) By detrusorrhaphy the submucosal ureteral tunnel is opened, the ureteral meatus is advanced and anchored onto the trigone, and the detrusor buttress of the ureter is closed (-rrhaphy).
(11) Complete exposure of the injured buttresses will facilitate assessment of the exact fracture pattern.
(12) Reconstruction of the noncoronary sinus was achieved by approximating intimal edge with Teflon felt reinforced buttress suture, then the ascending aorta was replaced by a Dacron prosthetic graft.
(13) In the early 80s when Tony Benn made his bid for the deputy leadership, there was a huge trade union movement and peace movement to buttress him if he won.
(14) In 4 patients, sets of cables had been sutured to the myocardium through an anterior thoracotomy, in some instances using Teflon pledgets as buttresses.
(15) Stage 1 begins with the initiation of a floral buttress on the flank of the apical meristem.
(16) Hollande goes to Berlin on Tuesday with the psychological advantage, buttressed by a strong new mandate that has shifted the terms of European politics.
(17) The tarsometatarsal reorientation arthrodesis addresses the deficient anteromedial buttress which is due to the most often concomittent hypermobile first ray.
(18) The most common complication was a fatigue fracture of the plates which, however, only occurred after biomechanically faulty application, without medial buttress of the bone, and in the absence of a cancellous autograft.
(19) Sometimes in severe cases they may demonstrate instability with conventional methods of treatment; thus for adequate stabilization they may need a palatal splint, direct wiring (internal fixation in the buttresses), intermaxillary fixation and cranial suspension.
(20) As there was the relatively high incidence of anastomotic leak occurring at the coronary artery orifice-graft anastomosis with one lane suture, we have circumferentially buttressed the coronary suture line with several pledget-supported mattress suture--direct two lane coronary orifice suture--for reinforcement.
Reinforce
Definition:
(v. t.) See Reenforce, v. t.
(n.) See Reenforce, n.
Example Sentences:
(1) This observation, reinforced by simultaneous determinations of cortisol levels in the internal spermatic and antecubital veins, practically excluded the validity of the theory of adrenal hormonal suppression of testicular tissues.
(2) He said: "Monetary policy affects the exchange rate – which in turn can offset or reinforce our exposure to rising import prices.
(3) "These developments are clearly unwarranted on the basis of economic and budgetary fundamentals in these two member states and the steps that they are taking to reinforce those fundamentals."
(4) In the first, a technique for establishing an effective reinforcer from a range of possible reinforcing stimuli was evaluated.
(5) This procedure generated a number of VI-like effects, supporting the notion that VI behavior can be construed as a special case of an interaction between the organism's function relating reinforcement susceptibilities to chain length and the experimenter's function relating probabilities of reinforcement to chain length.
(6) The present results suggest that the locomotor-stimulatory and positive reinforcing effects of ethanol as well as its enhancing effect on dopaminergic activity may involve an enhancement of calcium mediated mechanisms.
(7) Further, the use of food as a reinforcer has been considered taboo by those who use more conventional and restrictive management approaches with Prader-Willi syndrome individuals.
(8) The latter findings reinforce the concept that in pathologic states associated with cerebral oedema, pinocytotic vesicles fuse to form transendothelial channels which transport plasma proteins into brain.
(9) Behavioral variables, including interreinforcement interval and drug self-administration history, appear to be important determinants of whether or not reinforcement will be demonstrated, particularly among the benzodiazepines; but the range of conditions under which behavioral and pharmacological variables interact to promote or lessen the likelihood of self-administration of these drugs remains to be determined experimentally.
(10) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.
(11) The reinforcement portion of the surgical drape that contained the fenestration was segmented into four identical-appearing sections, two on each side of the fenestration.
(12) These results indicate that auditory localization behavior of infants is influenced by reinforcement and that the extent of this effect is related to the type of reinforcement employed.
(13) The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in these schedules may actually mask the effects of overall reinforcement rate; thus differences in response rate as a function of reinforcement rate when interresponse-time reinforcement is eliminated may be underestimated.
(14) Two experiments reported the effects of prefeeding normal and septal rats prior to their daily sessions on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL-20) schedule.
(15) Specimens of human bone from the site exhibited lower strontium levels and strontium-to-calcium ratios than deer specimens from the same site, reinforcing paleodemographic evidence that the human populations that inhabited this site included substantial amounts of meat in their diets.
(16) It is suggested that serotoninergic mechanisms in case of changes in activity of cholinergic processes, depress the system of positive reinforcement.
(17) A yeast protein, Sui3, isolated as an extragenic suppressor of his4 initiation codon mutations, exhibits extensive sequence identity with human eIF-2 beta, especially in the polylysine and zinc finger domains, thereby reinforcing the view that these elements are important for function.
(18) Pedestrianising areas in the city centre, reinforcing police and security.
(19) A visually reinforced headturn discrimination procedure was used to determine sensitivity to increments in peak F0 in synthetic speech in both bisyllabic (CVCVC) and trisyllabic (CVCVCVC) contexts.
(20) When reinforcement for competing behavior was withdrawn, however, rats resumed their original behavior and there were no overall savings in total responses to extinction.